Apparatus for bleaching smoke



(No Model.) 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 l J. T. SANDS. APPARATUS POP. BLBAGHING.SMOKE. y No. 526,542. Patented Sept. 25, 1894.

. J0 v 0% J5 @j 2 Sheets-Sheet 2.

(No Model.)

J T SANDS APPARATUS PoR BLBAGHINGSMOKE.

No. 526,542. Patennedsept. 25,1894* @gf-ffm wa, SM@

UNITE STATES PATENT OFFICE.

JAMES T. SANDS, ST. LOUIS, MISSOURI.

APPARATUS FOR BLEACHING SMOKE.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent N o. 526,542, datedSeptember 25, 1894.

Application filed March 5, 1894,

T @ZZ whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, JAMES T. SANDS, ot the city of St. Louis, State ofMissouri, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Apparatusfor Bleaching Smoke, of which the following is a full, clear, and exactdescription, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, forming apart hereof.

My invention relates to an improved apparatus for bleaching smoke, andconsists in the novel construction, combination `and arrangement ofparts hereinafter described, designated in the claim, and illustrated inthe accompanying drawings, in whichj Figure 1 is a diagrammatic View,showing the manner in Which my improved smoke bleacher is connectedwiththe steam supply. Fig. 2 is a side elevation of a portion of a chimneyhaving a portion of its upper end in section, and showing the manner inwhich the pipe discharges therein. Figs. 3, 4, 5 and 7 are similar viewsto that of Fig. 2, but showing modified forms of the manner in which thesmoke is discharged into the upper end of the chimney. Fig. 6 is a planView of the upper end of the truncated pipe illustrated in Fig. 5. I l

The object of` my` invention is to locate a pipe in such a manner thatit willY discharge steam that is forced through it immediately into thesmoke at the upper end of the chimney, where the smoke is the coolest.-

Referring to the drawings: The numeral 1 designates a portion of abuilding; 2, the chimney; 3, the engine room; 4, the ioor above saidengine room; 5, the boiler; 6, the steam engine, and 7 the radiator,which is located on the upper surface of the door 4. Connected to thesteam-dome 8 of the boiler 5 is a pipe 9, which leads to the steam-chest10 of the engine 6, and an exhaust pipe 11 leads from said steam-chestto and discharges into the water heater 12.` Y

13 indicates a pipe which leads from the pump to the heater 12 andconnects with a coiled pipe 14, which is located within said heater, andthe upper end of said coil is en- Serial No. 502,321. (No model.)

gaged by a pipe 15 which leads to the boiler 5. By theconstruction ofthis heater` 12 the exhaust steam is discharged from the engine intosaid heater and heats the coil 14 which causesthe water as it passesthrough the pipe 13 and said coil to be heated before it reaches theboiler 5.

Connected to the upper end of the heater 12 is a pipe 16, which isconnected to a pipe 17 by a T-coupling 18, and said pipe 17 isconstructed `with a valve 19 and leads to the steam radiator 7.

20 indicates a pipe which leads to and discharges into the lower end ofthe vapor tank 21.

22 indicates a pipe, one end of which is connected to the T-coupling 18and the other end is engaged by a vertical steam-supply pipe 23, whichleads to the upper end of the chimney 2.

24 indicates a pipe which leads from the vapor tank 21, and is connectedto the pipe 22 intermediate its ends by a T-coupling 25. Located on thepipe 22 between'the T-couplings 25 and 18 is a valve 26.

27 designates a pipe which leads from the boiler to the pipe 22, andsaid pipe 27 is a suitable amount smaller than the pipe 22 so that itcan project into said last mentioned pipe `towardthe lower end of thepipe 23. This pipe 27is constructed with avalve 28, so that the flow ofsteam through said pipe can be regulated. l

The pipe` 23 is of suiiicient length that the upper end will beapproximately in horizontal alignment with the upper end of the chimney,and the upper end of said pipe is constructed with an elbow-coupling 29,so that the pipe 30, which is engaged thereby, will project over thechimney and adjacent thereto. Said pipe 30 is of such a length that theelbow-coupling 3l, which is engaged thereby, will be approximately inthe center of the chimney, and said coupling 31 is engaged by a shortvertical pipe 32,so that the steam discharged therefrom will projectupward from the chimney.

The chimney illustrated in the drawings is constructed with an innerklining, 33 which projectsa distance above the upper end of the pipe 32.l By this constructionthe steam will be discharged from the pipe 32 intothe lining 33. i y I desire to state that the location of the dischargepipeis notan essential feature of my i invention, for it can belocatedin such a manner that the steam will be discharged above the lining, ora greater distance below the upper end' than is shown inthe drawings.

Referring now to Figs. 3, 4, 5,6, and 7, the numeral 2 designates thechimney and 33 th' .1

inner lining thereof.

In Fig. 3 I have shown an annularpipe 34 which is located upon the upperendof the chimney and approximately the same size in diameter as theinner lining33. Said pipe 34 is constructed with a series of apertureswhich are so formed that a jet of steam therefrom `will project acrossthe upper .end ofthe chimney. The steam-supply pipe 23 is connected tothe annular piper-3.4 by an elstantially the same as that illustrated inFig.

2, with the exception that a truncatedpipe yis connected to` thelelbow-coupling 31.

i The upper end of said pipe-40 isthe largest i and provided with acover 41 having a series said boiler.

12, it passes through the pipes 16 and 17 intoE `the radiatork 7, andafter it leaves said radiator it passes through the pipe 2O into the vanportank 21, and from said vaportank through of perforations 42 therein.The object of having the upper end of this pipe made larger and providedwith a perforated cover is toal- Vlow the steam to spread and bedischarged? from the pipe in jets so the smoke will easily l commingletherewith. f

In Fig. 7 the elbow-coupling 31 is engaged being the largest so thesmoke can spread ing it to more readily comminglewith the smoke.

rEhe operation is as follows: The valve 26. beingclosed `and the valve19 open, exhaust steam discharged vfrom the'engine will pass through thepipe 11 into the heater 12, which Vwill heat the water as it passesthrough the coil 14 from the pump to the boiler 5, thus;y

partially heating the water before it reaches After the steam leaves theheater the pipe 24 into the pipe 22, and from said pipe 22 is conveyedtothe upper end of the chimneyby the pipe 23, and the upper end of saidpipe 23 isso constructed that steam dissmoke as it is dischargedfrom,the/chimney.

the arrangement of ypipes justy menf l tioned,fthev `exhaust steam fromtheengine` ycharged therefrom will com-mingle kwith they" canbe utilizedfor heating purposes,'aud'- 1` thenr conveyed to the upper end of thechim-j ney and kdischarged in such a manner that. it i y Will comminglewith the smoke,

I have foundmby practical experience that steam discharged into thechimney adjacent f the upper end will colnmingle with the smoke as it isdischarged fromsaid chimney and tok n 4the eye of the observer causes itto appear of a lighter color, and' apparently bleach ther same, whichwill `overcome the black smoke 'ordinances of cities.' The discharge ofVhot vapor or wet steam closely adjacent the upper end (and interior) ofthe chimney causes a down-draft or reverse-currentof cold air, whichenters the top ofy the chimney and mingles with theV hot vapor or wetsteam at` such point and condenses the steam in a great measure, bothbefore and after it has united with the iioating or iiying particles ofcarf` bon of the'smoke, and the waterthus formed and the particles ofcarbon thus taken up by said water,are formed into drops of liquid ofsuch size and weight that they are immediately gravitated to the bottomof the chimney, and' resemble drops of black ink which areso large thattheycannot be 'vapori'zed by the heat ofthe chimney until after theyfall. I have also found in some instances that where the exhaust steamis usedr for heating purposesy that `the discharge from the pipek 32 isnot sufficient to overcome the black smoke at all times, especially whenthere has been a great amount of fresh fuel applied to the iire, which,it is ywell known, will cause a great amount of black smoke. To ysupplythe required amount of steam at this time, I

have constructed a pipe 27 which leads di` rectly to they pipe 22 andprojects thereinto,

. and is bent at right angles soL that ajet of steam dischargedtherefrom will .project to, by a conical-shaped pipe 43, the `upper endf,

ward the pipef23. This pipe 27 is provided g with a valve 28 so thattheiiow of steam somewhat before it leaves said pipe,thus caus- 1 fromthe boiler into said pipe 22 can be regulated.

ICO y IIO coupling` 3l projects upwardso thatthe steam n discharged fromthe pipe 32 will project upward. I' desire to state that thiscouplingcan be turneddown, so that vthe steam `discharged therefrom will projectdown and meet and commingle with the smoke as it passes out through thechimney. I have also found by practical experience that on somekchimneysthe device works to better advan- 1 tage with the exhaust endadjacent the top,

while in otherchimneysa betterresult is obtained by having theexhaustend ofthe pipe a distance below the upper endof the chimlney.This operation dependsgreatly on'the size, height and draft of thechimney, as

there are very few chimneys with the ksame i Se y im 526,542 v e draft.Therefore, the device can be adjusted the chimney, and a jet-dischargingsteam relative to the top of the chimney to correpipe connected to saidlast mentioned pipe spend with the draft thereof. for forcing andguiding the steam upward,

What I claim is i substantially as set forth.

5 The combination in a devicefor bleaching In testimony whereofI ax mysignature in r 5 smoke, of a steam pipe leading from a suitpresence oftwo witnesses. y able steam-supply to a chimney a distance JAMES T.SANDS.

` below the upper end thereof, another steam Witnesses: i

pipe connected to the upper end of said first W. J.- SANKEY,`

1o mentioned pipe for conveying the Steam into y JNO. C. HIGDON.

